BioImpedance Analysis

Archived References A - F 

This bibliography has been compiled from a variety of primary and secondary  sources. While every effort has been made to make it as comprehensive as  possible, the bioimpedance field is a large one and inevitably some literature  will have been excluded either by omission or comission. Most notably,  articles pertaining to impedance plethysmography, impedance imaging (EIT or  APT), studies in plants and bacteria and conference abstracts have been  largely omitted.
 
 The compilers would like to be notified by users of the bibliography of  important reference materials which should be included in updates.
 
 Updates to the bibliography may be found on the following Web page:
 
                 http://florey.biosci.uq.edu.au/BIA/index.html
 
  (c) UniQuest-SEAC 1992-1996
 

 Archived References A - F

  Abdenur J E, Solans C V, Smith M M, Carman C, Pugliese M T, Lifshitz F.
  Body Composition and Spontaneous Growth Hormone Secretion in Normal
  Short Stature Children. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
  1994 ;  78, N 2 : 277-282

  Abrahamsen, B., T. B. Hansen, I. M. Hogsberg, F. B. Pedersen, and H.
  Becknielsen. 1996. Impact of hemodialysis on dual X-ray absorptiometry,
  bioelectrical impedance measurements, and anthropometry. Am J Clin Nutr
  63: 80-86.

  Abu Khaled M, McCutcheon M J, Reddy S, Pearman P L, Hunter G R,
  Weinsier R L . Electrical impedance in assessing human body
  composition: the BIA method.  American Journal Clinical Nutrition. 1988;
  47, N 5: 789-92

  Ackmann, J. J., M. A. Seitz, C. A. Dawson, and L. L. Hause. 1996. Specific
  impedance of canine blood. Ann Biomed Eng 24: 58-66.

  Ackmann J J. Complex Bioelectric Impedance Measurement System for
  the Frequency Range from 5 Hz to 1 MHz. Annals of Biomedical
  Engineering. 1993;  21, N 2: 135-146

  Adami GF, Gandolfo P, Giacosa A, Sukkar GS, Balbi P, Marinari G, Cuneo
  S.  Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis for monitoring body
  composition changes during nutritional support in end-stage neoplastic
  patients.  Diabetes Nutr Metab Clin Exp 1990;3(1):41-4.

  Adami GF, Caponnetto L, Loconte C, Marinari G, Camerini G, Ceci M,
  Balbi P.  [Body composition in chronic renal insufficiency in the primary
  anuric phase and after dialysis].  Minerva Urol Nefrol 1989
  Jul-Sep;41(3):219-24. (Ita).

  Adami GF, Balbi P, Gandolfo P, Ceci M, Marinari G.  [Body composition
  evaluation by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis].  Riv Ital Nutr
  Parenter Enteral 1990;8(1):15-20. (Ita).

  Agliata S, Fortina F, Ragazzoni E, Airoldi G, Baroni A, Boschetti MA,
  Schweiger C, Cavagnino A. Impact of the age on the body composition
  valued with bioelectrical impedance analysis [abstract]. Blood Purif
  1991;9(1):26-7.

  Agliata S, Fortina F, Baroni A, Airoldi G, Ragazzoni E, Boschetti MA,
  Schweiger C, Cavagnino A. Assessment of the body composition using
  bioelectrical impedance and blood pressure analysis [abstract]. Blood Purif
  1991;9(1):27.

  Albertazzi A, Del Rosso G, Di Paolo B, Cappelli P, Palmieri PF.
  Computerised non-invasive monitoring of cardiovascular stress in
  haemodialysis patients.  Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990;5 Suppl 1:133-6.

  Albu J, Smolowitz J, Lichtman S, Heymsfield SB, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr,
  Pi-Sunyer FX.  Composition of weight loss in severely obese women:a new
  look at old methods.  Metabolism 1992 Oct;41(10):1068-74.

  Amato G, Carella C, Fazio S, Lamontagna G, Cittadini A, Sabatini D,
  Marcianomone C, Sacca L, Bellastella A. Body Composition, Bone
  Metabolism, and Heart Structure and Function in Growth Hormone
  (GH)Deficient Adults Before and After GH Replacement Therapy at Low
  Doses. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1993;  77, N 6:
  1671-1676

  Andersen RE.  Accuracy of bioelectric impedance for body composition
  assessment in obese women before and after a weight reduction program
  [dissertation].  Philadelphia: Temple University; 1993. 176 p.

  Anonymous. Bioelectrical Impedance and Body Composition. Lancet.
  1992;  340, N 8834-5: 1511

  Anonymous. Bioelectrical impedance and body composition [editorial] [see
  comments] CM: Comment in: Lancet 1993 Feb 13,341(8842):448.
  Comment in: Lancet 1993 Feb  27,341(8844):569.  Comment in: Lancet
  1993 . 1992;  Feb 27,341(8844):: 569-70    Anonymous. Estimating body
  fat in lean and obese women. Nutr-Rev. 1992;  Mar, 50(3): 80-1

  Antonella E D P, Luca S, Emilia D F, Rosaria P M, Annarita C, Giuseppe
  C, Franco C, Giuliana V, Adriana F, Salvatore D M, Armido R. Familial and
  environmental influences on body composition and body fat distribution in
  childhood in Southern Italy. International Journal of Obesity. 1994;  18, N
  9: 596-601

  Apour CS, Bell S, Bistrian BR, Forse RA.  Early changes of body
  composition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: tetrapolar
  body impedance analysis indicates significant malnutrition. JPEN J
  Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993 Sep-Oct;17(5):482-4.

  Applying new technology to nutrition assessment : report of the 9th Ross
  Roundtable on Medical Issues.  Columbus (OH): Ross Laboratories; 1989.
  41 p.

  Armellini, F., L. Scalfi, M. Zamboni, S. Castelli, A. Mino, and O. Bosello.
  1996. Relationship between hydration of lean body mass and visceral
  adipose tissue. A clinical study of women. Int J Obes 20: 37-40.

  Armellini F, Zamboni M, Rigo L, Bergamo-Andreis IA, Robbi R, Vicentini
  R, De Marchi M, Formentini G, Bosello O.  [Value of echography in the
  measurement of changes in the total and visceral adipose mass].  Minerva
  Endocrinol 1991 Jan-Mar;16(1):21-5. (Ita).

  Askim KL.  Validity of whole body bioelectrical impedance analysis in the
  prediction of percent body fat in women [master's thesis on microfiche].
  Eugene (OR): University of Oregon, College of Human Development and
  Performance, Microform Publications; 1990. 2 microfiche.

  Askim KL.  Validity of whole body bioelectrical impedance analysis in the
  Astrup A, Thorbek G, Lind J, Isaksson B.  Prediction of 24 h energy
  expenditure and its components from physical characteristics and body
  composition in normal weight humans.  Am J Clin Nutr 1990
  Nov;52(5):777-83.

  Astrup A, Thorbek G, Lind J, Isaksson B. Prediction of 24-h energy
  expenditure and its components from physical  characteristics and body
  composition in normal-weight humans.  Am-J-Clin-Nutr.  1990;  Nov; 52(5):
  777-83
  Azcue M.  Resting energy expenditure and body composition in normal
  and sick children [dissertation].  Toronto (Canada): University of Toronto;
  1992. 286 p.

  Azcue M, Fried M, Pencharz P B. Use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
  to Measure Total Body Water in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Journal of
  Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 1993;  16, N 4: 440-445

  Azcue M, Fried M, Pencharz PB.  Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis
  to measure total body water in patients with cystic fibrosis.  J Pediatr
  Gastroenterol Nutr 1993 May;16(4):440-5. Comment in: J Pediatr
  Gastroenterol Nutr 1993 May;16(4):365-7.

  Azcue M, Wesson D, Neuman M, Pencharz P.  What does bioelectrical
  impedance spectroscopy (BIS) measure?  Basic Life Sci 1993;60:121-3.

  Baarsma R, Hof P, Zijlstra W G, Zock J P, Okken A. Measurement of Total
  Bodywater Volume with Deuterated Water in Newborn Infants. Biology of
  the Neonate D August-September 1992;  62, N 2-3: 108-112

  Baisch F J, Petrat G. Body Fluid Distribution in Man in Space and Effect
  of Lower Body Negative Pressure Treatment. Clinical Investigator. 1993;
  71, N 9: 690-699

  Baisch F, Gauger J, Heer M.  Classification of the free fluid reservoir in the
  calf by electrical impedance tomography.  Physiologist 1991 Feb;34(1
  Suppl):S181-2.

  BAKER, L.E. (1989).  Principles of the impedance technique. IEEE Eng
  Med Biol 3, 11-15.

  Bao J Z, Davis C C, Schmukler R E. Impedance Spectroscopy of Human
  Erythrocytes - System Calibration and Nonlinear Modeling. IEEE
  Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1993;  40, N 4: 364-378

  Barber DC.  A review of image reconstruction techniques for electrical
  impedance tomography.  Med Phys 1989 Mar-Apr;16(2):162-9.

  Barber DC.  Quantification in impedance imaging.  Clin Phys Physiol Meas
  1990;11 Suppl A:45-56.

  BARBER, D.C. (1989). A review of image reconstruction techniques for
  electrical  impedance tomography. Med Phys 16, 162-169.

  BARBER, D.C. & BROWN, B.H. (1984). Applied potential tomography. J
  Phys E Sci  Instrum 17, 723-733.

  BARILLAS-MURY, C., VETTORAZZI, C., MOLINA, S. & PINEDA. O.
  (1987). Experience  with bioelectrical impedance analysis in young
  children:  sources of  variability. In In Vivo Body Composition Studies, eds.
  ELLIS, K.J., YASAMURA, S. & MORGAN, W.D. pp. 87-90. Long Island,
  NY. Upton.

  BARNETT, A. (1940b).  Seasonal variations in the epidermal impedance
  of human  skin. Am J Physiol 129, 306-307.

  BARNETT, A & BAGNO, S. (1936).  The physiological mechanisms
  involved in the  clinical measure of phase angle. Am J Physiol 114,
  366-382.

  BARNETT, A.  (1940a).  Electrical method for studying water metabolism
  and  translocation in body segments. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 44, 142-147.

  BARNETT, A. (1938).  The phase angle of the normal skin. Am J Physiol
  93,  349-366.

  Barr SI, McCargar LJ, Crawford SM.  Practical use of body composition
  analysis in sport [editorial].  Sports Med 1994 May;17(5):277-82.

  Barrows LH, Inners LD, Stricklin MD, Klein PD, Wong WW.  Comparison
  of total body water estimates from O 18 and bioelectrical response
  prediction equations.  Houston (TX): National Aeronautics and Space
  Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; 1993 Apr. 11 p.
  Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA.

  Bartlett BJ.  Relationships between measures of body fatness, body fat
  distribution and serum lipids in healthy elderly (elderly) [dissertation].
  Columbus (OH): Ohio State University; 1990. 182 p.

  Basarabhorwath, I., J. Piotrowski, and P. M. McEwan. 1995. Calculated
  measures of performance in electrical impedance tomography using a
  finite-element model. Physiol Meas 16: 263-271.

  Bates J B, Chu Y T. Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Impedance -
  Experiments and Model . Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 1992;  20, N
  3: 349-362

  Battistini N, Brambilla P, Virgili F, Simone P, Bedogni G, Morini P,
  Chiumello G D 1992. The prediction of total body water from body
  impedance in young obese subjects. . International Journal of Obesity ; 16:
  207-212

  Battistini, N., F. Facchini, G. Bedogni, S. Severi, G. Fiori, and D. Pettener.
  1995. The prediction of extracellular and total body water from bioelectric
  impedance in a non-Caucasian population from Central Asia. Annals of
  Human Biology 22: 315-320.

  Battistini, N., F. Virgili, S. Severi, P. Brambilla, P. Manzoni, L. Beccaria,
  and G. Chiumello. 1995. Relative expansion of extracellular water in obese
  vs normal children. Journal of Applied Physiology 79: 94-96.

  Baumgartner R N, Chumlea W C, Roche A F. Estimation of body
  composition from bioelectric impedance of body segments . Am. J. Clin.
  Nutr. 1989;  50: 221-6

  Baumgartner R N, Chumlea W C, Roche A F. Bioelectric impedance phase
  angle and body composition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., N 48: 16-23

  Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Lichtman S, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr.
  Body composition in elderly people: effect of criterion estimates on
  predictive equations.  Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jun;53(6):1345-53.

  Baumgartner RN, Rhyne RL, Garry PJ, Heymsfield SB.  Imaging
  techniques and anatomical body composition in aging.  J Nutr 1993
  Feb;123(2 Suppl):444-8.

  Baumgartner RN, Chumlea WC, Roche AF.  Bioelectric impedance for
  body composition.  Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1990;18:193-224.

  Baumgartner R N, Chumlea W C, Roche A F. 1987. Associations between
  bioelectric impedance and anthropometric variables.  Hum Biol. 1988; 59,
  N 2: 235-44

  Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Lichtman S, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr.
  Body composition in elderly people:effect of criterion estimates on
  predictive equations.  Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jun;53(6):1345-53.

  Baumgartner RN, Stauber PM, McHugh D, Wayne S, Garry PJ, Heymsfield
  SB.  Body composition in the elderly using multicompartmental methods.
  Basic Life Sci 1993;60:251-4.

  Baxter J, Forse R, Bistrian B, Bell S, Blackburn G. Bioelectrical impedance
  in patients with increased total body water [abstract]. JPEN J Parenter
  Enteral Nutr 1990;14(1 Suppl):19S.

  Bayford, R., Y. Hanquan, K. Boone, and D. S. Holder. 1995. Experimental
  validation of a novel reconstruction algorithm for electrical impedance
  tomography based on backprojection of Lagrange multipliers. Physiological
  Measurement 16: A237-A247.

  Bazzato G, Scanferla F, Fracasso A. Continuous on-line bioimpedance to
  monitor body fluids and cell membrane status during HD [abstract]. Kidney
  Int 1989;35(1):239.

  Bedogni, G., L. Merlini, A. Ballestrazzi, S. Severi, and N. Battistini. 1996.
  Multifrequency bioelectric impedance measurements for predicting body
  water compartments in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscular
  Disord 6: 55-60.

  Bell SJ, Bistrian BR, Blackburn GL.  Estimation of total body water by
  bioelectrical impedance and  anthropometrics overestimates lean body
  mass LBM in hospitalized patients [abstract]. FASEB J 1989;3(3):A335.

  Bellu, R.; Ortisi, M.T.; Riva, E.; Giovannini, M. Body composition of Italian
  children. Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth: 1996, 103-108.

  Bengtsson BA, Eden S, Lonn L, Kvist H, Stokland A, Lindstedt G, Bosaeus
  I, Tolli J, Sjostrom L, Isaksson OG.  Treatment of adults with growth
  hormone (GH) deficiency with recombinant human GH.  J Clin Endocrinol
  Metab 1993 Feb;76(2):309-17.

  Berg H E, Tedner B, Tesch P A. Changes in Lower Limb Muscle
  Cross-Sectional Area and Tissue Fluid Volume After Transition from
  Standing to Supine. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1993;  148, N 4:
  379-385

  BERG, E.P. & MARCHELLO, M.J. (1994).  Bioelectrical impedance
  analysis for the  prediction of fat-free mass in lambs and lamb carcasses.
  Journal of Animal  Science 72, 322-329.

  Bergia R, Bellini ME, Valenti M, Berto IM, Caramello E, Dionisio P,
  Pellerey M, Bajardi P.  Longitudinal assessment of body composition in
  continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients using bioelectric
  impedance and anthropometric measurements.  Perit Dial Int 1993;13
  Suppl 2:S512-4.

  Bertolino G, Noris P, Balduini C L. Effect of Different Sample Preparation
  Methods on the Results of the Impedance Technique in the Study of
  Platelet Hyper-Function and Hypo-Function in Whole Blood . Thrombosis
  Research. 1993;  71, N 1: 89-94

  Beshyah SA, Freemantle C, Parnell J, Johnston DG, Sharp P.  Body
  composition in hypopituitarism: bioelectrical impedance versus total body
  potassium [abstract]. J Endocrinol 1991;129 Suppl:Abstract no. 22.

  Bevier W C, Wiswell R A, Pyka G, Kozak K C, Newhall K M, Marcus R .
  Relationship of body composition, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity
  to bone mineral density in older men and women. J-Bone-Miner-Res. 1989
  ; Jun; 4(3): 421-32

  Beving H, Eriksson L E G, Davey C L, Kell D B. Dielectric properties of
  human blood and erythrocytes at radio frequencies (0.2-10 MHz);
  Dependence on cell volume fraction and medium composition.  European
  Biophysics Journal. 1994;  23, N 3: 207-215

  Biasioli S, Foroni R, Petrosino L, Cavallini L, Zambello A, Cavalcanti G,
  Talluri T.  Effect of aging on the body composition of dialyzed subjects.
  Comparison with normal subjects.  ASAIO J 1993 Jul-Sep;39(3):M596-601.

  Biasioli S, Petrosino L, Cavallini L, Cesaro A, Fazion S, Zambello A,
  Foroni R, Mazzali A.  Cardiovascular stability during the haemodialysis
  session: relationship between modelling and impedance parameters.
  Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990;5 Suppl 1:137-40.

  Biasioli S, Petrosino Z, Cavalli L, Zambello A, Cesaro A, Fazion S.
  Bioelectrical impedance for the assessment of body composition of
  dialyzed patients [letter].  Clin Nephrol 1989 May;31(5):274-5.

  Binnerts A, Swart GR, Wilson JH, Hoogerbrugge N, Pols HA, Birkenhager
  JC, Lamberts SW.  The effect of growth hormone administration in growth
  hormone deficient adults on bone, protein, carbohydrate and lipid
  homeostasis, as well as on body composition.  Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1992
  Jul;37(1):79-87.

  Binnerts A, Deurenberg P, Swart G R, Wilson J H, Lamberts S W . Body
  composition in growth hormone-deficient adults. Am-J-Clin-Nutr. 1992 ;
  May; 55(5): 918-23

  Bishop PA (University of Alamaba, University, AL).  Noninvasive estimation
  of fluid shifts between body compartments by measurement of bioelectric
  characteristics. Final report.  Washington: National Aeronautics and Space
  Administration; 1989 Dec. Contract No.: AM585722. 15 p.

  Bitar, A., M. Vermorel, N. Fellmann, and J. Coudert. 1995.
  Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and its components in prepubertal
  children as determined by whole-body indirect calorimetry and compared
  with young adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62: 308-315.

  Blanchard J, Conrad K A, Harrison G G. Comparison of methods for
  estimating body composition in young and elderly  women. J-Gerontol.
  1990;  Jul; 45(4): B119-24

  Bohm D, Odaischi M, Beyerlein C, Overbeck W.  Total body water:
  changes during dialysis estimated by bioimpedance analysis.
  Infusionstherapie 1990 Apr;17 Suppl 3:75-8.

  BOLOT, J.F., FOURNIER, G., BERTOYE, A., LENOIR, J., JENNIN, P. &
  THOMASSETT,  A.L. (1977).  Determination de la masse mairgre chez
  l'adulte par la methode de  l'impedance. Nouv Press Med 6, 2249-2251.

  Bonora, E., G. Targher, P. Branzi, M. Zenere, F. Saggiani, M. G. Zenti, D.
  Travia, M. Tonoli, M. Muggeo, and M. Cigolini. 1996. Cardiovascular risk
  profile in 38-year and 18-year-old men. Contribution of body fat content
  and regional fat distribution. Int J Obes 20: 28-36.

  Bonora E, Zenere M, Branzi P, Bagnani M, Maggiulli L, Tosi F, Travia D
  . Influence of body fat and its regional localization on risk factors for
  atherosclerosis in young men. Am-J-Epidemiol. 1992 ;  Jun 1; 135(11):
  1271-8

  Bordi F, Cametti C, Rosi A, Calcabrini A. Frequency Domain Electrical
  Conductivity Measurements of the Passive Electrical Properties of Human
  Lymphocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1993;  1153, N 1: 77-88

  Borowitz D, Conboy K. Are Bioelectric Impedance Measurements Valid in
  Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.  Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and
  Nutrition. 1994;  18, N 4: 453-456

  Borrelli R, Diaz EO.  [Statistical techniques for developing equations for
  impedance measurement].  Minerva Endocrinol 1990
  Oct-Dec;15(4):239-43. (Ita).

  Bottazzo S, Giada F, Vesco A, Caberlotto A, Fazzin G, Caprioglio L.
  [Assessment of body composition by bioelectric impedance in dyslipidemic
  patients].  Riv Ital Nutr Parenter Enteral 1993;11(1):29-34. (Ita).

  Boulier A, Aubert R, Lepaisant J, Lecolle P, Peytavin G, Farinotti R,
  Devernejoule M C, Apfelbaum M. Bioelectrical impedance (interest and
  limits for body composition studies) . Annee Gerontologique: Facts and
  Research in Gerontology, . 1994;   8

  Boulier A, Thomasset A L, ApfelbaumM. Bioelectrical-impedance
  measurement of body water [letter; comment] . Am J Clin Nutr 1991 . 1992;
  Jul;54(1):: 26-9
  Boulier A, Fricker J, Thomasset A L, Apfelbaum M. Fat-free mass
  estimation by the two-electrode impedance method . American Society for
  Clinical Nutrition. 1990;  52: 581-585

  Boulier A, Thomasset AL, Apfelbaum M.  Bioelectrical-impedance
  measurement of body water [letter].  Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Mar;55(3):761-2.
  Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1):26-9.

  Brambilla P, Manzoni P, Salvatoni A, Battistini N, Simone P, Braggini M,
  Chiumello G. Body composition and fat distribution using dual-enerfy xray
  absorptiometry DEXA in obese children comparison with deuterium dilution
  D20 anthropometry and (BIA) [abstract]. Pediatr Res 1993;33(5
  Suppl):S80.

  Bramley P, Oldroyd B, Stewart S, Simpson M, Truscott J, Losowsky M,
  Smith M.  Body composition analysis in liver cirrhosis. The measurement
  of body fat by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in comparison to skinfold
  anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance and total body potassium.  Basic
  Life Sci 1993;60:211-4.

  Bray GA.  Obesity: basic considerations and clinical approaches.  Dis Mon
  1989 Jul;35(7):449-537.

  BRAZIER, M.A.B. (1935) The impedance angle test for thyrotoxicsis. West
  J Surg  Obstet Gyn 43, 514-527.

  Breitenbach R A. Bioelectrical impedance in the Air Force Weight
  Management Program.  Mil-Med.  1990;  Oct; 155(10): 509-10

  Brodie D A, Eston R G. Body Fat Estimations by Electrical Impedance and
  Infra-Red Interactance.  International Journal of Sports Medicine. D May
  1992;  13, N 4: 319-325

  Brodie D A, Eston R G, Coxon A Y, Kreitzman S N, Stockdale H R, Howard
  A N D 1991. Effect of changes of water and electrolytes on the validity of
  conventional methods of measuring fat free mass. Ann. Nutr. Metab.;  35:
  89-97

  Brodie DA, Eston RG.  Body fat estimations by electrical impedance and
  infra-red interactance.  Int J Sports Med 1992 May;13(4):319-25.

  Brodowicz G R, Mansfield R A, McClung M R, Althoff S A. Measurement
  of Body Composition in the Elderly: Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry,
  Underwater Weighing, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and
  Anthropometry. Gerontology. 1994;  40: 332-339

  Broekhoff C, Voorrips L E, Weijenberg M P, Witvoet G A, van-Staveren W
  A  . Relative validity of different methods to assess body composition in
  apparently healthy elderly women. Ann-Nutr-Metab. 1992 ;  36(3): 148-56

  Brown B H, Barber D C, Wang W, Lu L Q, Leathard A D, Smallwood R H,
  Hampshire A R, Mackay R, Hatzigalanis K. Multi-Frequency Imaging and
  Modelling of Respiratory Related Electrical Impedance Changes.
  Physiological Measurement. 1994;  15, N  Suppl. 2A: A1-A12

  Brown, B. H., A. D. Leathard, L. Lu, W. Wang, and A. Hampshire. 1995.
  Measured and expected Cole parameters from electrical impedance
  tomographic spectroscopy images of the human thorax. Physiological
  Measurement 16: A57-A67.

  Brummer R, Bengtsson B, Bosaeus I. Validation of Body Composition
  Determination by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Acromegaly. Europ.
  J. Clin. Nutr. 1992;  46(1): 47-52

  Brummer R J M, Rosen T, Bengtsson B A. Evaluation of Different Methods
  of Determining Body Composition, with Special Reference to Growth
  Hormone-Related Disorders. Acta Endocrinologica. 1993;  128, N  Suppl.
  2: 30-36

  Buhl K, Tierney M, Wang J, Kotler D, Heymsfield S, Pierson RN Jr,
  Lichtman S.  Clinical evaluation of total body water anthropometric and
  (BIA)  prediction equations [abstract]. FASEB J 1990:4(3):A656.

  Buhl K, Allison D, Heymsfield S. The effect of obesity on fat estimates by
  two electrical methods TOBEC  and (BIA) [abstract]. FASEB J
  1993;7(3-4):A83.

  Burger B, Junger H, Wessel D, Schwenk A, Ollenschlager G, Schrappe M.
  Prospective study on the outcome of an intensified oral nutritional
  intervention including formula diets as second step in HIV-infected
  [abstract].  Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(2):B203 (abstract no. PoB
  3676).

  BURGER, H.C. & VAN DONGEN, R. (1960). Specific electric resistance
  of body  tissues. Physics Med Biol 5, 431-447.

  BURGER, H,C. & VAN MILAAN, J.B. (1943). Measurements of the specific
  resistance  of the human body to direct current. Acta Med Scand 114,
  584-607.

  Burgess N S. Effect of a very-low-calorie diet on body composition and
  resting metabolic  rate in obese men and women. J-Am-Diet-Assoc. 1991;
  Apr; 91(4): 430-4

  Burstrom. Measurements of the impedance of the hand and arm. In Arch
  Occup Environ Health. 1990;  62: 431-439

  Buscemi, S., G. Caimi, and S. Verga. 1996. Resting metabolic rate and
  postabsorptive substrate oxidation in morbidly obese subjects before and
  after massive weight loss. Int J Obes 20: 41-46.

  Byrne T A, Morrissey T B, Gatzen C, Benfell K, Nattakom T V, Scheltinga
  M R, Leboff M S, Ziegler T R, Wilmore D W. Anabolic Therapy with Growth
  Hormone Accelerates Protein Gain in Surgical Patients Requiring
  Nutritional Rehabilitation. Annals of Surgery. 1993;  218, N 4: 400-418

  Caffin, J. 1996. Multi-frequency impedance technique. Br J Nutr 75:
  508-509.

  Caffin, J. Bioimpedance, the Cole model equation and the prediction of
  intra  and extracellular water: Science or marketing - Reply. Clinical
  Nutrition; 15:  1996, 149.

  Caffin, J. 1996. Bioimpedance, the Cole model equation and the prediction
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