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Jansen, P.G.M.; Tevelthuis, H.; Bulder, E.R.; Paulus, R.; Scheltinga, M.R.M.; Eijsman, L.; Wildevuur, C.R.H.
Reduction in prime volume attenuates the hyperdynamic response after cardiopulmonary bypass
Journal Annals of Thoracic Surgery
60
3
SEP
1995
544-549
PGM Jansen
Free Univ Amsterdam Hosp, Dept Cardiac Surg
L-322
POB 7057
1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
0003-4975
COLLOID OSMOTIC-PRESSURE; EXTRAVASCULAR LUNG WATER; HYDROXYETHYL STARCH; PULMONARY-EDEMA; FLUID; BIOIMPEDANCE; ALBUMIN
Background. A hyperdynamic response to cardiopulmonary bypass is characteristically observed in the postoperative course. To determine the effect of prime volume on the hemodynamic response, a database study was performed on patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting with an extracorporeal circuit with either a large prime volume (2,350-mL prime, n = 20) or a small prime volume (1,400-mL prime, n = 20). Methods. Measurements were carried out at fixed time points before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (until 18 hours postoperatively) and include hematocrit, colloid oncotic pressure, fluid balance, and hemodynamic profile (mean of three measurements).
Results. The lower colloid oncotic pressure in the large prime group (16.2 +/- 0.6 mm Hg versus 19.1 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, p = 0.0002) was associated with a highly positive fluid balance (5.5 +/- 0.9 L versus 2.8 +/- 0.7 L, p = 0.0001). With the on-bypass hematocrit aimed at 22% to 23%, autologous blood was predonated by 16 patients in the small prime group but by none in the large prime group. Reinfusion of autologous blood resulted in a reduction in blood bank requirements (p = 0.03). Mean arterial pressure was 83 +/- 4 mm Hg for small prime versus 76 +/- 4 mm Hg for large prime (p = 0.01). Cardiac index was 2.9 +/- 0.2 L . min(-1). m(-2) for small prime versus 3.8 +/- 0.3 L . min(-1). m(-2) for large prime (p = 0.0001). Pulmonary vascular resistance index was 281 +/- 40 dyne . s . cm(5) . m(-2) for small prime versus 188 +/- 22 dyne . s . cm(5) . m(-2) for large prime (p = 0.0009). Oxygen delivery was 42 +/- 5 mL . min(-1). m(-2) for small prime versus 51 +/- 3 mL . min(-1). m(-2) for large prime (p = 0.004). Vasoactive medication was not different among groups.
Conclusions. Reduction in prime volume attenuates the hyperdynamic response after cardiopulmonary bypass. Furthermore, an important reduction in blood bank products can be obtained with small prime volumes. |
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Jebb, S.A.
Review of macronutrient metabolism group workshop
Journal Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
54
2
JUL
1995
569-577
SA JFre
MRC
Dunn Clin Nutr Ctr
Hills Rd
Cambridge CB2 2DH, England
0029-6651
BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; BODY-COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; CARCASS COMPOSITION; CHILDREN; MASS; VALIDATION; ULTRASOUND; EQUATIONS; DENSITY |
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Jen, K.L.C.; Lu, H.; Savona, L.; Watkins, A.; Shaw, M.
Long-term weight cycling reduces body weight and fat free mass, but not fat mass in female Wistar rats
Journal International Journal of Obesity
19
10
OCT
1995
699-708
KLC Jen
Wayne State Univ
Dept Nutr & Food Sci
3009 Sci Hall
Detroit, MI 48202 USA
0307-0565
weight cycling; feeding efficiency; aging; carcass composition; bioelectric impedance analysis BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; DIETARY OBESITY; SELECTION; REGAIN
OBJECTIVE: The effects of repeated weight gain and loss, the weight cycling (WC) phenomenon, on body composition have been controversial. WC history and age are two confounding factors which may contribute to this inconsistency. In the present investigation, we examined the effects of WC on body weight regulation, body composition and feeding efficiency in a long-term study when WC history was controlled.
METHOD: Six groups of female Wistar rats were used in this study. Five of these six groups were made obese by feeding a high fat (HF) diet for 11 weeks and then divided into five groups: non-cycling control group (HFCON); one group which cycled three times (HFCYC); and three one-cycle groups which cycled only once corresponding to each of the three cycles in the HFCYC group. The sixth group was fed the low fat diet without cycling (LFCON). Weight cycling (WC) was produced by feeding 50% of a HF diet with extra protein, vitamin and mineral mixture until body weight of the cycled groups reached the level of the LFCON group. After three cycles (52-56 weeks), all rats were killed.
RESULTS: Results showed that repeated WC reduced final body weight and fat free mass, but not body fat mass in the HFCYC group. Repeated WC also reduced rate of weight regain. During the third cycle, the amount of fat regained during refeeding was more than the fat mass lost during restricted feeding in the HFCYC group. For the three one-cycle groups, the rate of weight regain was slower but rate of weight loss was the same in older rats as in the younger rats.
CONCLUSION: Thus repeated WC may favor more body fat retention in later cycles. Aging affected rate of weight regain but not rate of weight loss, nor body composition, while repeated WC affected both rate of weight loss and regain. |
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Jones, M.A.; Kingswood, J.C.; Dallyn, P.E.; Sharpstone, P.
TI Haemodynamic changes measured by transthoracic bioimpedance during treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension
18
1
JAN
1996
51-64
MA Jones
Royal Sussex Cty Hosp
Trafford Dept Renal Med
Eastern Rd
Brighton BN2 5BE
E Sussex, England
1064-1963
ANEMIC HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; RENAL-FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; THERAPY; THERMODILUTION
NO Hypertension complicates the treatment of anaemia of chronic renal failure with recombinant human erythropoietin EPO) in some patients. We conducted a prospective study measuring changes in cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) in 29 patients from before commencement of EPO to attainment of target haemoglobin concentration. We used the operator-independent technique of trans-thoracic bioimpedance. The group of patients who developed EPO-induced hypertension (EpHT) were separately analysed and compared with the group who had no change in blood pressure (NC). Our results showed there was a significant rise in SVRI after treatment in EpHT group patients but in the NC group there was a small fall. CI increased significantly in the NC group after treatment but no change was recorded in the EpHT group. These findings clearly demonstrate how the cardiovascular changes differ in patients who develop EPO- induced hypertension. |
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Jonsson-F; Madsen-P; Jorgensen-L-G; Lunding-M; Secher-N-H
Thoracic electrical impedance and fluid balance during aortic surgery.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 39(4): 513-517
1995
English
Indices of fluid balance were evaluated during and after aortic surgery in 16 consecutive patients. Thoracic electrical impedance ( TI), heart rate (HR), central venous (CVP), pulmonary artery mean ( PAMP), pulmonary wedge (PWP) and mean arterial (MAP) pressure as well as fourteen arterial and venous blood gas variables were followed. Consistent with a reduction of TI by 4.2 (-5.2 to 9.2) Ohm (median and range) during the operation, fluid balance was in excess of 1.8 (-0.1 to 3.3) 1 when evaporation was not taken into account, and it remained elevated by 1.3 (0.0 to 5.4) 1 on the first postoperative morning. The HR, MAP and PWP remained stable, while CVP and PAMP decreased by 6 (-2 to 13) and 6 (-1 to 22) mmHg, respectively. Of the determined variables only TI revealed a meaningful correlation to fluid balance (rho = -0.41; P lt 0.01). Haemoglobin concentrations increased in proportion to the administered packed erythrocytes, while arterial oxygen saturation, pH and base excess decreased in proportion to the excess fluid. The results indicate that while central venous and pulmonary artery mean pressures gave the impression of a volume deficit, the positive fluid balance was mirrored by thoracic electrical impedance, and that even a minor increase of fluid balance may affect pulmonary function in patients subjected to aortic surgery. |
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Jorgensen, J.O.L.; Vahl, N.; Hansen, T.B.; Fisker, S.; Hagen, C.; Christiansen, J.S.
Influence of growth hormone and androgens on body composition in adults
Journal Hormone Research
45
1-2
1996
94-98
JOL Jorgensen
Aarhus Kommune Hosp
Med Dept M Endocrinol & Diabet
Norrebrogade 44
DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
0301-0163
androgens; body composition; aging; growth hormone; steroids HEALTHY-MEN; HALF-LIFE; TESTOSTERONE; AGE; SECRETION; GH; FREQUENCY; OBESITY; INSULIN; PEPTIDE
The secretion of both growth hormone (GH) and androgens declines with age which may play a role in the senescent changes in body composition and organ function. Among healthy adults abdominal adiposity is an important negative determinant of GH secretion. Surprisingly, abdominal or android obesity seems inversely correlated with testosterone levels in males but not in females. The ability of GH to promote lipolysis and preserve or increase lean body mass has been reappraised in substitution studies in GH-deficient adults. By comparison, adequately controlled studies of androgen replacement in hypogonadal and/or elderly males are few. In view of the physiological and clinical relevance of obtaining information about the aging process, there is a need for controlled experiments addressing similarities and differences between the action of GH and sex steroids in adults. |
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Jossinet J
Variability of impedivity in normal and pathological breast tissue.
English
Article
Med Biol Eng Comput 1996 SEP;34(5):346-350
Jossinet J, Inserm U281, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, F 69242
Lyon 03, FRANCE
The impedivity of six groups of breast tissue is measured between 0.488 kHz and 1 MHz using a hand-held probe, ensuring a constant geometry factor, and a microcomputer-controlled impedance spectroscopy system, 120 spectra are collected in excised tissue samples from 64 patients undergoing breast surgery. Each spectrum consists of 12 frequency points, The mean m, the standard deviation s, and the 'reduced standard error' (epsilon=s/(m N)) of the magnitude and the phase angle of the impedivity are calculated at each frequency for all groups of tissues. The variability at low frequency (fe<10 kHz) is attributed to the dispersion in measurement errors. This contributed to the choice of 32 kHz as the lower limit of measurement frequency in the constructed electrical impedance tomograph. The collected data also show that frequencies larger than 1 MHz are needed for the bio-electrical characterisation of breast tissue. In the frequency range used in electrical impedance tomography the reduced standard error of impedivity in breast tissue is about 0.1 or less. The lowest dispersions are observed in the adipose tissue, carcinoma and fibro-adenoma. |
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Jurgens, I.; Rosell, J.; Riu, P.J.
Electrical impedance tomography of the eye: In vitro measurements of the cornea and the lens
Journal Physiological Measurement
17
Suppl. 4A
NOV
1996
A187-A195
I Jurgens
Autonomous Univ Barcelona
Hosp Esperanca
Serv Oftalmol
E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
0967-3334
This study was designed to perform multifrequency impedance measurements on the pig's eye. On one hand, impedance of the ocular tissues was measured from 10 kHz to 10 MHz. The aqueous and vitreous humours and the cornea showed no relaxation in this range of frequencies, whereas the lens and its parts (the cortex and the nucleus) did. On the other hand, multifrequency EIT and dynamic imaging were performed on the lens and on the whole eye. Data and images obtained after thermal and chemical injuries are presented and discussed. |
