ARTICLES |
Yanovski, J.A.; Yanovski, S.Z.; Filmer, K.M.; Hubbard, V.S.;
Avila, N.; Lewis, B.; Reynolds,
J.C.; Flood, M.
Title Differences in body composition of black and white
girls
Journal American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
64
6
DEC
Year 1996
Page 833-839
Address JA Yanovski
Nichhd
Warren Grant Magnuson Clin
Ctr
Dev Endocrinol Branch
NIH
Msc 1862
Bldg 10
Room 10N262
Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Serial# 0002-9165
Keys visceral adipose tissue; race; blacks; whites;
magnetic
resonance imaging; dual-energy
X-ray absorptiometry;
anthropometry; bioelectrical
impedance analysis
MASS INDEX; BIOELECTRIC
IMPEDANCE; CHILDREN; FAT; OBESITY;
WOMEN; HEALTH; ALDOSTERONE;
GREATER; ADULTS
Abs. Adults have racial differences in body composition
that may
modulate risks resulting
from obesity. Although black and
white children have been
shown previously to have
differences in bone mineral
density and subcutaneous body
fat, differences in visceral
adipose tissue have not been
evaluated. We studied 20
black and 20 white normal-weight
girls aged 7-10 y, who were
matched for weight, body mass
index (BMI), bone age, chronological
age, Tanner breast
stage, and socioeconomic
status. Each underwent
anthropometric measurements,
bioelectrical impedance
analysis, dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry (DXA), and
abdominal magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) for
determination of total (TAT),
visceral (VAT), and
subcutaneous (SAT) adipose
tissue. Serum lipids and fasting
and 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance
test (OGTT) glucose and
insulin concentrations were
also measured. There were no
differences between groups
in absolute waist circumference
or waist-to-hip ratio, but
waist-to-thigh ratio was smaller
in black than in white girls.
Black girls had greater bone
mineral density and less
TAT, VAT, and SAT than whites. VAT
was not significantly correlated
with any measure of
insulin, or with serum lipids.
However, both basal and 2-h
OGTT serum insulin were
significantly correlated with SAT
as assessed by MRI in black
girls (r(2) = 0.46 for basal
insulin, P = 0.001; r(2)
= 0.31 for 2-h insulin, P = 0.01)
but not in white girls (r(2)
< 0.05, for basal and 2-h
insulin, NS). We conclude
that there are significant racial
differences in body composition
and differences in the
strength of association
between abdominal adipose tissue
depots and insulin sensitivity
in black and white girls.
York, J.L.; Hirsch, J.A.
Title Application of bioelectric impedance methodology
and
prediction equations to
determine the volume of distribution
for ethanol
Journal Alcohol
12
6
NOV-DEC
Year 1995
Page 553-558
Address JL York
Res Inst Addict
1021 Main St
Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
Serial# 0741-8329
Keys alcohol; alcoholics; total body water; bioelectric
impedance;
anthropometric measures
TOTAL-BODY WATER; DETOXIFIED
ALCOHOLICS; WOMEN; MEN
Abs. In large-scale epidemiologic studies of drinking
behavior
there is a need for simple
and reliable estimates of the
body water compartment of
subjects. This, in turn, provides
an estimate of the volume
of distribution of ingested
ethanol and a better estimate
of tissue exposure levels
than the use of total body
weight as the volume of
distribution for alcohol.
The volume of distribution for
ethanol (total body water,
TBW) was estimated in a racially
mixed group of 276 alcoholics
and 166 nonalcoholics (aged
20-59 years) by means of
bioelectric impedance methodology
(BIA) and by means of prediction
equations based upon age,
body weight, and height.
Estimations of mean TBW from BIA
were found to be only slightly
higher (1-4%) than those
provided by the prediction
equations. TBW values generated
from both prediction equations
were also highly correlated
with TBW values obtained
by impedance methodology, with the
highest correlations observed
in females (particularly
black) and in alcoholics
(particularly female).