Ross Barnard's Home Page

Please note this page is my personal page and does not necessarily represent the views of the University of Queensland

I am currently

Biotechnology Program

Coordinator in the

Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences

at the

The University of Queensland

in Brisbane, Australia.

My publications

barnard@biosci.uq.edu.au

Click on the mailbox to send me some mail.

My favourite links include:

• The Biotechnology Information Center

  Has a plethora of links to Biotech education resources on the web, as well as commercial and patenting links.
• The Genome Database from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
  
• Human Gene Mutation Database, University of Cardiff
  
• Search Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
  
• National Center for Biotechnology Information, N.I.H.
  
• Australian National Genomic Information Service (ANGIS)
  
• proinformatix.com- an online protein structure prediction service
  
• HMS Beagle
  has access to evaluated Medline and great essays on scientific subjects.
  

• Asthma resources page

• Oncolink:Cancer information and literature searching.
  
• Cancer News on the Net is an Internet publication dedicated to bringing patients and their families the latest information on cancer diagnosis and treatment. They have links to most of the major cancer resources on the Net. In addition, they feature a growing list of articles on various forms of cancer.
  
• Download patents from micropat.com
  
• Download US patents free from the IBM patent server
  
• free Search US patent and trademark office
  
• free Search UK patent office
  
• Garry Lab: This up to date index site is maintained by David Sander at Tulane University Medical School in New Orleans. This comprehensive page Lists Servers for General Virology, Microbiology, AIDS, Emerging Viruses, Electronic Journals, Scientific Societies etc.
  
• "Virology Downunder" site maintained by Ian Mackay at Sir Albert Saksewski Virus Research Centre.
  
• The Lancet on line.
  
  
• Med Help International has created the largest consumer health information library in the world. The Library contains tens of thousands of entries describing most illnesses & diseases. The library is also hotlinked to a Medical Glossary, which offers definitions for more than 6,000 medical terms. It contains more than 1,100 Patient Support Group listings and contact information. Also, the Med Help Search Engine searches selected Medical Sites on the Internet, retrieves appropriate article titles and offers a direct link to these articles or sites - all available via ONE keyword search!
  
  
• My publications
  
• Mac Bride's Home Page (Teach yourself HTML)
  
  
• Michael Rogers Home Page
  
  
• James Bendon:Publishers and Distributors of World-wide Philatelic Literature
  
  
• Con's China Stamps
  
  
• stamp search at "Zillions of stamps"

I studied at the University of Melbourne, 1975 to 1978, Monash University, 1980, University of Queensland,1984,1989. I then travelled with my family to California and worked at the Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1991, 1992, where I held a C.J. Martin post-doctoral Fellowship. I returned to the University of Queensland and worked in the Physiology Department (where I held an NHMRC R.D. Wright award) until January 1996 . I worked at the CRC for Diagnostic Technologies (QUT) and at PanBio Pty. Ltd. (Brisbane) until July 2000 and now I am back at the University of Queensland.
This is a picture of the University of California campus at Santa Cruz. The campus is in the spectacular redwood forest overlooking Monterey Bay.

Please check out my gallery (page 3) for miscellaneous images.

I have an interest in history and philosophy of science and application of mathematics to biological and molecular systems. I have published a few papers in the scientific literature in the latter area.

For example:

Barnard, R., Rowlinson, S.W., Waters, M.J. (1989) An electrostatic model for the interaction between growth hormone and its receptor involving chelation of Ca++ to the growth hormone molecule.

J. Theor. Biol. 140, 355-367.

Barnard, R. (1993) A strategy for optimizing charge reversal mutagenesis of ion pairs in hormone-receptor or enzyme-substrate complexes. Protein Engineering 6, 455-459.

Barnard, R. & Wolff, R. (1998) Analysis and application of an equilibrium model for in vitro bioassay systems with three components: receptor, hormone and hormone -binding protein. J. Theor. Biol. 190, 333-339.

I have some small unpublished mathematical essays, one of which I have put onto page 2.

I have published and co-authored other papers

I have worked in the area of growth hormone and growth hormone receptors since 1982 and still publish in that area. However my main research focus is now on the genetics and cell biology of cancer and development of novel technologies for DNA based diagnosis of Cancer and inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis, or predispositions associated with mutations such as Factor V Leiden.

My favourite movie is Empire of the Sun -by Steven Spielberg, based on the novel by J.G. Ballard. It has eerie surrealism and investigates the supernatural aspect of co-incidence.

Hobbies

have moved to their own page.

TRAVEL

Publications

• 1) Gray, B.N., Walker,C. & Barnard, R. (1981) Value of serial carcinoembryonic antigen determinations for early detection of recurrent cancer. Med. J. Aust. 1, 177-178.
• 2) Walker, C., Gray, B.N. & Barnard, R. (1981) Serum glycoproteins in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with large bowel cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 24, 171-175.
• 3) Gray, B.N., Walker, C., Barnard, R. & Bennett, R.C. (1982) Tennessee antigen 1. The predictive value of pre- and post-operative assays in large bowel cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 25, 539-541.
• 4) Gray, B.N., Walker, C., Barnard, R. & Bennett, R.C. (1982) Tennessee antigen 2. Its value in the monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 25, 542-544.
• 5) Gray, B.N., Walker, C., Barnard, R. & Bennett, R.C. (1982) Use of serum copper/zinc ratio in patients with large bowel cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 20, 230-232.
• 6)Barnard, R., Bundesen,P.G., Rylatt, D.B. & Waters, M.J. (1984) Monoclonal antibodies to the rabbit liver growth hormone receptor: production and characterization. Endocrinology 115, 1805-1813.
• 7) Barnard, R., Bundesen,P.G., Rylatt, D.B. & Waters, M.J. (1985) Evidence from the use of monoclonal antibody probes for structural heterogeneity of the growth hormone receptor. Biochemical Journal 231, 459-468.
• 8) Barnard, R. & Waters, M. J. (1986) Evidence for differential binding of growth hormones to membrane and cytosolic GH binding proteins of rabbit liver. J. Receptor Res. 6, 209-225.
• 9) Barnard, R. & Waters, M. J. (1986) Serum and liver cytosolic growth-hormone binding proteins are antigenically identical with liver membrane 'receptor' types 1 and 2. Biochemical Journal 237, 885-892.
• 10) Leung, D.W., Spencer, S.A., Cachianes, G., Hammonds, R.G., Collins, C., Henzel, W.J., Barnard, R., Waters, M.J. & Wood, W.I. (1987) Growth hormone receptor and serum binding protein: purification, cloning and expression. Nature 330, 537-540.
• 11) Barnard, R. & Waters, M.J. (1988) Use of calcium dependence as a means to study the interaction between growth hormones and their binding proteins in rabbit liver. Biochem. J. 250, 533-538.
• 12) Barnard, R. , Haynes, K., Werther, G. & Waters, M.J. (1988) The ontogeny of growth hormone receptors in the rabbit tibia. Endocrinology 122, 2562-2569.
• 13) Waters, M.J., Barnard, R., Hamlin, G. Spencer, S.A., Hammonds, R.G., Leung, D.W., Henzel, W.J., Cachianes, G. & Wood, W.I. (1988) Growth hormone and prolactin receptors: a new class of transmembrane signalling molecules. In:"Progress in endocrinology 1988" (Imura, H. et al., eds) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam. pp. 601-607.
• 14)Waters, M.J., Spencer, S.A., Leung, D., Hammonds, R.G., Cachianes, G., Henzel, W.J., Wood, W.I., Barnard, R., Quirk, P., & Hamlin, G. (1989) Growth hormone receptors and binding proteins. In: "Biotechnology in growth regulation" (Heap, B., ed.), Butterworths Scientific, Surrey U.K. pp. 15-25.
• 15) Barnard, R., Rowlinson, S.W., Waters, M.J. (1989) An electrostatic model for the interaction between growth hormone and its receptor involving chelation of Ca++ to the growth hormone molecule. J. Theor. Biol. 140, 355-367.
• 16) Barnard, R, Quirk P, Waters M J. (1989) Characterization of the growth hormone-binding protein of human serum using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Endocrinology 123, 327-332.
• 17) Waters, M.J., Lobie, P.E., Barnard, R., Lim, L., Hamlin, G. & Gobius, K. (1989) Hormone receptors and growth. In: "Animal health and production in the 21st century", ( Beh, K.J., ed.) Pergamon Press, New York. pp. 131-142.
• 18) Waters, M.J., Barnard, R.T., Lobie, P.E., Lim, L., Hamlin, G. , Spencer, S.A., Hammonds, R.G., Leung, D.W. & Wood, W.I. (1990) Growth hormone receptors-their structure, location and role. Acta Paediatr. Scand. (Suppl) 366, 60-72.
• 19) Haynes, K., Werther, G.A., Barnard, R. & Waters, M.J. (1990) Visual demonstration of growth hormone receptors on human growth plate chondrocytes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70, 1725-1731.
• 20) Barnard, R. , Rowlinson, S.W., Waters, M.J. (1990) Soluble forms of the rabbit adipose and liver growth hormone receptors are antigenically identical, but the integral membrane forms differ. Biochem. J. 267, 471-477.
• 21) Barnard, R., Ng. K.W., Martin, T.J. & Waters, M.J. (1991) Growth hormone (GH) receptors in cloned osteoblast-like cells mediate a mitogenic response to GH. Endocrinology 128, 1459-1464.
• 22) Lobie, P.E., Barnard, R. & Waters, M.J. (1991) The nuclear growth hormone receptor-binding protein, antigenic and physicochemical characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 22645-22652.
• 23) Cramer, S. D. , Barnard, R. , Engbers, C. , Thordarson, G. & Talamantes, F. (1992) A mouse growth hormone-binding protein RIA: concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy in the mouse. Endocrinology 130, 1074-1076.
• 24) Cramer, S.D., Barnard, R., Engbers, C., Ogren, L., Talamantes, F. (1992) Expression of the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone binding protein during pregnancy in the mouse. Endocrinology 131, 876-882.
• 25) Gobius, K.S., Rowlinson, S.W., Barnard, R., Mattick, J.S., & Waters, M.J. (1992) The first disulphide loop of the growth hormone receptor is required for binding to the hormone. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 9, 213-220.
• 26) Waters, M.J., Lobie, P.E., Garcia-Aragon, J., Muscat, G.E., Rowlinson, S.W., Gobius, K.S., Bastiras, S., Robins, A., Zhang, C.Z., Young, W.G., & Barnard, R. (1992) Biochemistry and cellular distribution of the GH receptor. In:"Growth hormones and somatomedins during life span" (Muller, E.E., ed.), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg pp. 26-43.
• 27) Waters, M.J., Lobie, P.E., Garcia-Aragon, J., Rowlinson, S.W., Gobius, K.S., Bastiras, S., Robbins, A., Zhang, C.Z., Young, W.G., Muscat, G.E. & Barnard, R. (1992) Structure, location and role of the GH receptor. In:" Growth and sexual development " (Ho, K.Y., Werther, G.A., Cowell, C.J., eds), Harwood Academic Publishers pp. 3-28.
• 28) Barnard, R. (1993) A strategy for optimizing charge reversal mutagenesis of ion pairs in hormone-receptor or enzyme-substrate complexes. Protein Engineering 6, 455-459.
• 29) Lobie, P.E., Garcia-Aragon, J., Lincoln, D.T., Barnard, R., Wilcox, J.N. & Waters, M.J. ( 1993) Localization and ontogeny of growth hormone receptor gene expression in the central nervous system. Dev. Brain. Res. 74, 225-233.
• 30) Barnard R, Thordarson G, Lopez M F, Yamaguchi M, Edens A, Cramer S D, Ogren L. & Talamantes F. (1994) Expression of growth hormone (GH)-binding protein with hydrophilic C-terminus by the mouse placenta: studies in vivo and in vitro .J. Endocrinol. 140, 125-135.
• 31) Barnard, R., Southard, J.N., Edens, A. & Talamantes, F. (1993) Growth hormone receptor and growth hormone-binding protein messages in the mouse placenta contain the exon analogous to human exon 3. Endocrinology 133, 1474-1477.
• 32) Rowlinson, S.W., Barnard, R., Bastiras, S., Robins, A.J., Senn, C., Wells, J.R.E. & Waters, M.J. (1994) Evidence for involvement of the carboxy terminus of helix 1 of growth hormone in receptor binding: use of charge reversal mutagenesis to account for calcium dependence of binding and for design of higher affinity analogues. Biochemistry 33, 11724-11733.
• 33) Barnard, R., Southard, J.N. & Talamantes, F. (1994) Two step PCR amplification of multiple specific products using one specific primer and oligo dT. BioTechniques 16, 251-252.
• 34) Barnard, R., Rowlinson, S.W., Brinkworth, R., Bastiras, S., Robins, A.J., Wells, J.R.E. & Waters, M.J. (1994) The search for receptor interactive regions in growth hormone: historical perspectives and novel strategies. Acta Paediatr. Scand. (Suppl) 399, 33-41.
• 35) Waters, M.J., Rowlinson, S.W., Clarkson, R.W., Chen, C-M., Lobie, P.E., Norstedt, G., Mertani, H., Morel, G., Brinkworth, R., Wells, C.A., Bastiras, S., Robins, A.R., Muscat, G.E. & Barnard, R. (1994) Signal transduction by the growth hormone receptor. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 206, 216-220.
• 36) Yamaguchi, M.Y., Ogren, L., Barnard, R., Sawada, T., Miyake, A. & Talamantes, F. (1994) Selective inhibition of mouse placental lactogen II secretion by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Endocrinol. 143, 95-105.
• 37) Barnard, R., Mulcahy, J., Garcia-Aragon, J., Wyse, B., Owens, P.C., Rowlinson, S.W., Talamantes, F., Baumbach, W.R. & Waters, M.J. (1994) Serum growth hormone binding protein and hepatic GH binding sites in the Lewis dwarf rat: effects of IGF-I and GH. Growth Regulation 4, 147- 154.
• 38) Harrison, S.M., Barnard, R., Ho, K.Y., Rajkovic, I., & Waters, M.J. (1995) Control of growth hormone (GH) binding protein release from human hepatoma cells expressing full-length GH receptor. Endocrinology 136, 651-659.
• 39) Leung, K-C., Millard, W.J., Peters, E., Markus, I., Baumbach, W.R., Barnard, R. & Ho, K.Y. (1995) Measurement of growth hormone binding protein in the rat by a ligand immunofunctional assay. Endocrinology 136, 651-659.
• 40) Rowlinson, S.W., Barnard, R., Bastiras, S., Robins, A.J., Brinkworth, R. & Waters, M.J. (1995) A growth hormone agonist produced by targetted mutagenesis at binding site 1. Evidence that site 1 regulates bioactivity. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 16833-16839. You can down load this from JBC online
• 41) Gargosky, S.E., Breier, B.H., Borski, R.J., Mulcahy, J. & Barnard, R. (1995) Upregulation of GH receptor and GH binding protein during pregnancy in the GH deficient rat. Endocrine 3, 813-817.
• 42) Rowlinson, S.W., Waters, M.J., Lewis, U.J. & Barnard, R. (1996) Human growth hormone fragments 1-43 and 44-191: in vitro somatogenic activity and receptor binding characteristics in human and non-primate systems. Endocrinology 137, 90-95. You can view the abstract for this article
• 43) Barnard, R. & Waters, M.J. (1997) Review. The serum growth hormone binding protein: pregnant with possibilities. J. Endocrinol. 153, 1-14.
• 44) Barnard, R., Chan, F-Y. & McIntyre, H.D. (1997) Growth hormone-binding protein in normal and pathological gestation: correlations with maternal diabetes and fetal growth. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82, 1879-1884.
• 45) Pantaleon, M., Harvey, M.B., Barnard, R.T., Waters, M.J. & Kaye, P.L. (1997) Functional growth hormone (GH) receptors are expressed by preimplantation mouse embryos: a role for GH in early embryogenesis? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 5125-5130. You can download this from the PNAS web site
• 46) Barnard, R., Southard, J.N. & Talamantes, F. (1997) Two step PCR amplification of multiple specific products using one specific primer and oligo dT. In: "The PCR technique: RT-PCR " , BioTechniques books, Eaton Publishing , Natick, MA., USA. , Chapter 20, pp. 129-131.
• 47) Barnard, R. & Southard, J.N. (1997) Update to: Two step PCR amplification of multiple specific products using one specific primer and oligo dT. In: "The PCR technique: RT-PCR " , BioTechniques books, Eaton Publishing , Natick, MA., USA. , Chapter 20, p. 132.
• 48) Barnard, R. & Wolff, R. (1998) Analysis and application of an equilibrium model for in vitro bioassay systems with three components: receptor, hormone and hormone -binding protein. J. Theor. Biol. 190, 333-339.
• 49) Barnard, R., Futo, V., Pecheniuk, N., Slattery, M. & Walsh, T. (1998) PCR bias towards the wild type k-ras and p53 sequences: Implications for PCR detection of mutations and cancer diagnosis. BioTechniques 25(4), 684-691.
• 50) Thellin, O., Coumans, B., Zorzi, W., Barnard, R., Hennen, G. , Heinen, E. & Igout, A. (1998) Expression of growth hormone receptors by lymphocyte subpopulations in the human tonsil. Developmental Immunology 6 (3-4), 295-304.
• 51) Florkowski, C.M., Barnard, R., Livesey, J.H., Veveris, T., Espiner, E.A. & Donald, R.A. (1999) Growth hormone binding protein correlates strongly with leptin and percentage body fat in GH-deficient adults, is increased by GH replacement but does not predict IGF response. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 9(1):35-40.
• 52) Gobe, G., Zhang,X-J., Cuttle, L., Pat,B.,Willgoss,D., Hancock, J., Barnard, R. and Endre, Z. (1999) Bcl-2 genes and growth factors in the pathology of aeschemic acute renal failure. J. Immunol. and Cell Biol. 77, 279-286.
• 53) Woodall, S.M., Breier, B.H., Johnston, B.M., Bassett, N.S., Barnard, R. & Gluckman, P.D. Administration of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 to pregnant rats on a reduced diet does not prevent fetal IUGR and elevated blood pressure in adult offspring. (1999) J.Endocrinol 163, 69-77.
• 54) Florkowski, C.M., Barnard, R., Livesey, J.H., Veveris, T., Espiner, E.A. & Donald, R.A. (2000) The effect of growth hormone on growth hormone binding protein, leptin and body composition in hypopituitary adults. Int. J. Obesity 24, Suppl 2, S160-S161.
• 55) McIntyre , H.D., Serek, R., Crane, D.I., Veveris-Lowe, T., Parry, A., Johnson, S., Leung, K.C., Ho, K.K.Y., Bougoussa, M., Hennen, G., Igout, A., Chan, F.-Y. Cowley, D., Cotterill, A., & Barnard, R. (2000) Placental growth hormone, growth hormone binding protein and insulin-like growth factor axis in normal, growth retarded and diabetic pregnancies: correlations with fetal growth. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 1143-1150.
• 56) Futo, V., Barnard, R., Wolter, L. & Timms, P. (2001) Development of a novel method, ligase-assisted spacer addition (LASA) for the measurement of tetranucleotide length polymorphisms (microsatellites). BioTechniques 31, 96-106.
• 57) Giffard, P., McMahon, J.,Gustafson, H., Barnard, R. & Voisey, J. (2001) Comparison of competitively primed and conventional allele specific nucleic acid amplification. Anal. Biochem. 292, 207-215.
• 58)Gurevich , K.G. & Barnard, R. (2001) A Statistical Model of in vivo Bio-assay Systems Predicts Temporal Modulation of Polymodal Responses by Hormone-Binding-Proteins. In: Mathematics and simulation with biological, economical and musicoacoustical applications. C.E.D. Attellis, V.V. Kluev & N.E. Mastorakis. Eds. WSES Press. pp. 161- 168.
• 59)Barnard,R., Kelly,G., Manzetti, S.O. & Harris, E.L. (2001) Neither GH nor SS/Jr rats have an A1079T transversion in the alpha-1 isoform of the Na+, K+-ATPase gene. Hypertension, 38, 786-792.
• 60)Wallace, E.M., Dantona, D., Ververis-Lowe, T., Crossley, J.A. & Barnard, R. (2001) Maternal serum growth hormone-binding protein: a paradoxical shift in trisomy 18. Brit. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 108,
• 61)McIntyre, H.D., Russell, A., Serek, R., Veveris-Lowe T., Cotterill A., Cowley D. & Barnard, R. (2002) Placental growth hormone is not suppressed by oral glucose loading in normal human pregnancy. Horm. Metab. Res. 34, 250-253
• 62) J. H. Livesey, C. M. Florkowski, R. Barnard1, T. Veveris2, E.A. Espiner and R. A. Donald. Comparison of three methods for estimating human plasma growth hormone binding protein (GHBP): differing relationships to body fat and leptin and evidence for heterogeneity of circulating high-affinity GHBP. (submitted).
• 63) Tran, H.P., Prakash, A.S., Barnard, R., Chiswell, B. & Ng, J. (2002) Arsenic inhibits the repair of DNA damage induced by benzo(A)pyrene. Toxicology Letters 133, 59-67.
• 64) Wallace, J.D., Abbott-Johnson,W.J., Crawford, D.H.G, Barnard, R., Potter, J.M., Cuneo, R.C. (2002) GH treatment in adults with chronic liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, cross-over study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 2751- 2759.
• 65) Liyanage, S. & Barnard, R. (2002) What is the value of firms' prior knowledge? Building organizational knowledge capabilities. Singapore Management Review 24 (3), 35-50.
• 66) Lai, R., Bekessy, A., Chen,C.C., Walsh, T. and Barnard, R. (2003) Megaprimer Mutagenesis Using Very Long Primers. BioTechniques 34, 52-54.
• 67) Segal, T. & Barnard, R. (2003) Let the shoemaker make the shoes- an abstraction layer is needed between bioinformatic analysis, tools, data, and equipment: an agenda for the next 5 years. Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology 19. Australian Computer Society, Inc.
• 68) Liyanage, S. & Barnard, R. (2003) Valuing of firms' prior knowledge: a measure of knowledge distance. Knowledge and Process Management 10, 1-14.
• 69) Barnard, R. (2004) Human life modeled as a statistico-deterministic Turing machine. WSEAS transactions on biology and medicine 1, 1-10.
• 70) Kapeleris, J., Hine, D. & Barnard, R. (2004) Towards definition of the global biotechnology value chain using cases from Australian biotechnology SMEs. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business 1, 79-91
• 71) Bodner, M. & Barnard, R. (2004) The Œparallel bridgeš and its relevance to biotechnology new ventures. Int. J. Biotechnology 6, 202-218.
• 72) Liyanage, S. & Barnard, R. (2004) Editorial: Biotechnology: the challenges of commercialization. Int. J. Biotechnology (Special Issue on Commercialization of biotechnology innovation). 6, 101-104.
• 73) Jones, M.L. & Barnard, R.T. (2005) Chimerisation of multiple antibody classes using splice overlap extension PCR. BioTechniques 38, 181-182.
• 74) Barnard, R. & Gurevich, K.G. (2005) In vitro bioassay as a predictor of in vivo response. Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2:3

Book Reviews:

• Barnard, R. (1998) Review of: PCR protocols for emerging infectious diseases, D.H.Persing ed. Todays Life Science 10, S9.

• Presentations to Scientific Conferences:

• Essay

• For recommended reading and key points of my cancer lecture , click here

• Rosalind Franklin page

• DNA tutorial

• DNA replication-at Eureka Science

• PCR animation

• Clontech atlas arrays

• Molecular biology course from Lycoming college,PA, USA. Has great links to molecular biology and structural biology resources on the web

• Another novel DNA detection method

• The "Luminex" technology

• Third Wave "Invader (TM)" Technology

• NASBA

• go to page 3 gallery

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